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AIM: To observe the efficacy of moderate and high myopia patients with vault greater than 1 000μm after implantation of phakic posterior chamber implantable contact lens(ICL).METHODS: A total of 42 patients(73 eyes)who received ICL implantation in the hospital and had postoperative vault greater than 1 000 μm between January 2014 and January 2017 were selected and retrospectively studied. Changes in visual acuity, intraocular pressure, corneal endothelial cell density, anterior chamber-related parameters(chamber angle, central anterior chamber depth, anterior chamber volume)and vault were compared among patients before surgery, at 1, 3, 6mo and 1a after surgery and at the last follow-up.RESULTS: The uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA)at 1, 3, 6mo and 1a after surgery and at the last follow-up was better than that before surgery(all P<0.05), and the chamber angle, central anterior chamber depth and anterior chamber volume were smaller or lower than those before surgery(all P<0.05), but there were no statistical differences in UCVA, chamber angle, central anterior chamber depth and anterior chamber volume at each time point after surgery(all P>0.05). The intraocular pressure at 1mo after surgery was lower than that before surgery(P<0.05), but the intraocular pressure at 3, 6mo and 1a after surgery and at the last follow-up was not statistically different from that before surgery(all P>0.05). There was no statistical significance in the corneal endothelial cell density at 1, 3, 6mo and 1a after surgery and at the last follow-up compared with that before surgery(all P>0.05). The vault at 1, 3, 6mo and 1a after surgery and at the last follow-up showed a decreasing trend, and the difference was statistically significant at each time point after surgery(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The short-term and long-term efficacy are better in moderate and high myopia patients with vault greater than 1 000 μm after ICL implantation, and there are no significant effects on the intraocular pressure and corneal endothelial cell. The postoperative anterior chamber structure is relatively stable and the vault tends to decrease over time. In most cases, close observation is sufficient and intraocular lens replacement is generally not required.
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The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake. In p.605, the number of the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (No. Y17H160118) in Funding is incorrect. The correct number should be LY17H160026, which is the approval number of the project, whereas Y17H160118 is the application number of the project.
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Restorer line F6 (Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica) has been widely used in hybrid rice breeding systems in southern China. However, line F6 is susceptible to drought stress, which restricts its utilization in many areas. Dongxiang wild rice (DXWR, Oryza rufipogon Griff.) has strong drought stress resistance, but the molecular factors responsible for drought resistance in DXWR remain unknown. In this study, we used the combination of phenotypic selection and molecular marker-assisted selection (MAS) to improve the drought stress resistance of line F6 by introgression of qSDT12-2, a large effect drought stress-related quantitative trait locus identified in DXWR. Molecular MAS was carried out using linked marker RM1226, which is associated with qSDT12-2. Genomic background assessmentwas performed using 112 polymorphic markers. Finally, a stable drought stress-resistant backcross inbred line (BIL) was developed from a BC5F5 population, termed BIL627. Genetic constitution analysis revealed that the genome of BIL627 is almost identical (99.1%) to that of the restorer line F6. Further, BIL627 showed no yield penalty and no decrease in restorationability under normal conditions. Taken together, our findings reveal the intrinsic value of using genetic resources present in wild species of Oryza to improve undesirable traits found in cultivated rice.
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Acute cellular rejection (ACR) remains a major concern after liver transplantation. Predicting and monitoring acute rejection by non-invasive methods are very important for guiding the use of immunosuppressive drugs. Many studies have shown that exosomes and their contents are potential biomarkers for various liver diseases. Here, we identify and validate the role of exosomes and galectin-9 in ACR after liver transplantation. Exosomes were isolated from three sets of paired patients, with and without ACR, and the proteins within the exosomes were isolated and identified. Candidate proteins were then validated using a tissue microarray containing resected liver samples from 73 ACR and 63 non-rejection patients. Finally, protein expression and clinical manifestations were included in Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox regression analyses. Circulating exosomes were isolated from ACR and non-rejection patients and characterized using transmission electron microscopy and western blotting for CD63/CD81. Western blotting experiments revealed higher levels of galectin-9 protein in circulating exosomes from ACR recipients. Immunohistochemical analysis of the tissue microarray showed that the expression of galectin-9 in resected liver was significantly higher in the ACR group than in the non-rejection group (P<0.05). Higher levels of galectin-9 expression in resected livers were associated with poorer prognosis (P<0.05). Exosome-derived galectin-9 may be a novel predictor of rejection and prognosis after liver transplantation.
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OBJECTIVE@#To explore the potential pathogenetic mutations of primary hypereosinophilia（HEN）by sequencing FGFR1 FLT3, MPL and JAK2 genes, and to clarify their effect on clinical manifestation and prognosis of HEN patients.@*METHODS@#The direct DNA sequencing was employed to detect the gene mutations of FGFR1, FLT3, MPL and JAK2 in HEN patients.@*RESULTS@#One deletion mutation (2654_2753del) within tyrosine kinase domain of FLT3 gene was found in a patient suffered from severe symptoms and ended with dismal outcome, which induced a premature stop codon (G885fsX888). For FGFR1, a new variation described as 1014_1019del AACAGT for nucleotide change was found in 19 cases, resulting in T339_V340del at the protein level.@*CONCLUSION@#The deletion of 6 bases in the FGFR1 gene (1014_1019del AACAGT) is first reported as non-synonymous SNP (nsSNP) site in the patients with primary hypereosinophilia. Deletion mutations in the FLT3 gene may be related with malignant clinical features and poor prognosis.
Subject(s)
Humans , Base Sequence , Hypereosinophilic Syndrome , Genetics , Mutation , Receptors, Thrombopoietin , Sequence Deletion , fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3ABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the mediation effects of coping style on the relationship between mental resilience and negative emotions among military personnel. Methods: A questionnaire survey was performed in 358 military officers and soldiers using Connor-Davidson resilience scale, simplified coping style questionnaire and depression anxiety and stress scale. Structural equation model was built to analyze the relationship between variables. Results: A total of 344 valid questionnaires were collected, and effective response rate was 96.09%. All the subjects were male with a mean age of (23.24 ± 4.73) years old. Pairwise correlations between mental resilience, positive coping style, negative coping style and negative emotions were all significant (all P<0.01). Mental resilience explained 21.2% of the total variation of negative emotions (P<0.01), and coping style explained 7% of the variation. Mental resilience could indirectly affect negative emotions through positive coping style and negative coping style (χ2 = 35.744, df=17, χ2/df=2.103, goodness of fit index [GFI] = 0.975, adjusted goodness of ft index [AGFI] =0.948, root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = 0.057). The mediation effect of coping style accounted for 27.03% of the overall effect (positive coping style for 75.43% and negative coping style for 24.00%). Conclusion: Coping style plays multiple mediating roles between mental resilience and negative emotions in military personnel, especially with the positive coping style contributing a large proportion. Therefore, it is necessary to focus on training positive coping style in military personnel with low mental resilience, so as to effectively reduce the level of negative emotions of military personnel and improve operational efficiency.
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Acute cellular rejection (ACR) remains a major concern after liver transplantation. Predicting and monitoring acute rejection by non-invasive methods are very important for guiding the use of immunosuppressive drugs. Many studies have shown that exosomes and their contents are potential biomarkers for various liver diseases. Here, we identify and validate the role of exosomes and galectin-9 in ACR after liver transplantation. Exosomes were isolated from three sets of paired patients, with and without ACR, and the proteins within the exosomes were isolated and identified. Candidate proteins were then validated using a tissue microarray containing resected liver samples from 73 ACR and 63 non-rejection patients. Finally, protein expression and clinical manifestations were included in Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox regression analyses. Circulating exosomes were isolated from ACR and non-rejection patients and characterized using transmission electron microscopy and western blotting for CD63/CD81. Western blotting experiments revealed higher levels of galectin-9 protein in circulating exosomes from ACR recipients. Immunohistochemical analysis of the tissue microarray showed that the expression of galectin-9 in resected liver was significantly higher in the ACR group than in the non-rejection group (P<0.05). Higher levels of galectin-9 expression in resected livers were associated with poorer prognosis (P<0.05). Exosome-derived galectin-9 may be a novel predictor of rejection and prognosis after liver transplantation.
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Objective: To investigate the value of early postoperative monitoring of serum albumin in the prediction of surgical site infection (SSI) in colorectal cancer surgery. Methods: A total of 169 patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery between December 2012 and January 2016 were collected for this study. Patients was divided into SSI group and no SSI group according to whether SSI occurred after surgery. We continuously collected venous blood three days after surgery. Serum albumin, C-reactive protein level, Procalcitonin and White blood-cell were performed to evaluate the relationship between albumin changes and postoperative SSI. Results: There were 40 cases (23. 7％) of SSI, and the average time for clinical diagnosis of SSI was 3. 2 days after surgery. ALB decreased, and PCT, CRP, and WBC levels increased in the SSI group on the second postoperative day. The decrease in albumin concentration (A ALB2) was significantly higher on the second postoperative day than in the SSI group (P ＜ 0. 001). Receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis showed that △ ALB2 had significant value in predicting the occurrence of SSI (area under the curve = 0. 864, sensitivity 97. 5％, specificity 70. 5％), and the optimal cutoff was 15. 5％. Multiple regression analysis showed that A ALB2 ＞15. 5％ was an independent predictor of SSI (OR=2. 10, 95％CI=1. 52-2. 90, P ＜ 0. 001). Conclusions: The dynamic change of serum albumin is valuable to predict the occurrence of SSI after colorectal cancer surgery.
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Objective@#To analyze the correlation between stage of oral disease and the transformation of children dental anxiety in first visit. @*Methods@#Children aged 45 to 74 months (13.7~6.2) years old with molar caries in the first visit were selected and divided into three groups: the acute stage group, the non-acute stage group, and the conventional examination group. The face version of the modified child dental anxiety scale (MCDASf) was used to evaluate the changes of anxiety before and after treatment. @*Results@#The data of correlation among 3 groups about dental anxiety showed a statistical difference (χ2 = 9.132, P = 0.010). Compared with acute stage group and non-acute stage group, a statistical significance in dental anxiety can be found (P<0.012 5). There was no correlation between anxiety prognosis and gender (P>0.05). @*Conclusion @#The occurrence and transformation of dental anxiety in children varied with different stage of oral disease. Dental anxiety can be improved significantly by appropriate therapy and behavior management.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of decitabine and cyclosporine for treatment of low-risk and intermediate-risk-1 myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 27 cases of low risk and intermediate-risk-1 MDS during the past 3 years in Tongji hospital were analyzed retrospectively. These MDS patients were divided into 2 groups: decitabine group (11 cases) and cyclosporine group (16 cases). The MDS patients in the 2 groups were treated with ultra low dose of decitabine and cyclosporine A; the curetive efficacy and adverse reactions were evaluated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the 11 patients with low-risk and intermediate-risk-1 MDS treated with 2 courses of ultra-low-dose decitabine, 4 cases (36.4%) achieved a hematological improvement, 7 cases (63.6%) showed ineffective, including non-remission in 6 cases (54.5 %) and death in 1 patient (9.1%), total effective rate were 36.4%; 3 cases died within the first year and the overall survival (OS) rate was 72.7%. The causes of death mainly were severe myelosuppression and the associated infection and bleeding. In the 16 patients with low-risk and intermediate-risk-1 MDS treated with cyclosporine (CsA), 10 cases (62.5%) achieved a hematological improvement, 6 cases (37.5%) showed ineffective, the total efficiency of 62.5%; no patients died within 1 year, the 1-year OS was 100%. Changes in neutrophils, hemoglobin and platelet were not significantly different between the two group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The clinical efficacy of decitabine on low-risk and intermediate-risk-1 MDS has not confirmed to be superior to cyclosporine (P = 0.252). However, the side effects of serious infection and myelosuppression were more severe in decitabine group than that in the cyclosporine group. Moreover, the 1-year overall survival rate in decitabine group is much lower than that in the cyclosporine group (P = 0.027). In regard to the small number of cases and short follow-up time in our this study, the more patients and longer follow-up time are needed to study.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Azacitidine , Therapeutic Uses , Cyclosporine , Therapeutic Uses , Myelodysplastic Syndromes , Drug Therapy , Pancytopenia , Retrospective Studies , Survival Rate , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the therapeutic effects of hemin, an inducer of heme oxygenase, in a rat model of gestational hypertension and explore the possible mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eighteen pregnant SD rats at day 12 of gestation were randomized equally into gestational hypertension model group, hemin treatment group, and normal pregnancy (control) group. In the former two groups, the rats were subjected to daily nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 80 mg/kg) gavage since gestational day 14 for 7 consecutive days to induce gestational hypertension; saline was administered in the same manner in the control rats. The rats in hemin group received daily intraperitoneal injection of hemin (30 mg/kg) starting from gestational day 16. HO activity and carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) level in rat placental tissue were detected with spectrophotometric method, and soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (sFlt-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) level in the placental tissue homogenate supernatant were detected using ELSIA.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>At gestational day 20, the blood pressure and 24-h urinary protein were significantly higher in the model group than in the other two groups (P<0.05), and were higher in hemin group than in the control group (P<0.05); HO activity and COHb content in the placenta tissue were the lowest in the model group (P<0.05), and was lower in hemin group than in the control group (P<0.05). The level of sFlt-1 was significantly higher and VEGF level significantly lower in the model group than in the other two groups (P<0.05); sFlt-1 level remained higher and VEGF lower in hemin group than in the control group (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Hemin can reduce blood pressure and urinary protein in rats with gestational hypertension possibly by up-regulating HO activity, enhancing carbon monoxide production, reducing sFlt-1 and increasing VEGF in the placental tissue.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Pregnancy , Rats , Blood Pressure , Carbon Monoxide , Metabolism , Disease Models, Animal , Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing) , Hemin , Pharmacology , Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced , Drug Therapy , Placenta , Metabolism , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A , Metabolism , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 , MetabolismABSTRACT
This study was aimed to investigate the impact of specific siRNA on survivin gene in transfected lymphoma cell line and provide experimental evidences for future treatment of mantle cell lymphoma. The small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeted survivin mRNA was synthesized in vitro and was transfected into Jeko-1 that showed high survivin expression in mRNA level. The levels of survivin mRNA and protein expression were detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot respectively. The apoptosis effect was examined by calculating the ratio of Annexin V-FITC/PI positive cells using flow cytometry. The inhibition of cell proliferation was assayed with CCK-8 reagent after transfection. The results showed that expression of survivin mRNA was markedly suppressed by the siRNA. The relative expression levels were 0.49 ± 0.03, 0.38 ± 0.02 and 0.17 ± 0.02 at time points of 24, 48 and 72 h respectively, compared with the control group; the inhibitive rates of cell proliferation were (31.2 ± 2.1)%, (43.3 ± 3.4)% and (52.6 ± 2.5)%; the apoptotic rates of cells were (6.3 ± 0.5)%, (13.5 ± 1.1)% and (23.6 ± 1.6)% respectively; survivin protein expression levels were gradually reduced. It is concluded that the siRNA targeting survivin down-regulates the expressions of survivin mRNA and protein evidently. The siRNA of survivin displays the potent ability to inhibit the proliferation of lymphoma cell line Jeko-1; survivin may become a potential molecular target for the therapy of lymphoma in the future.
Subject(s)
Humans , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Proliferation , Gene Silencing , Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins , Genetics , RNA, Messenger , Genetics , RNA, Small Interfering , Genetics , TransfectionABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the apoptosis effect of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cell line (DLBCL) SUDHL-4 induced by IL-21 and its related mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>SUDHL-4 cells were treated with IL-21 at different concentration (1000 ng/ml, 100 ng/ml, 10 ng/ml, 1 ng/ml) for 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, respectively. The inhibitory rate of cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8 assay. The cell growth curves were drawn and half inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) values were calculated. The cell apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry (FCM), the expression of the caspase-9, caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3, Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, Bid, Bax and c-myc protein in SUDHL-4 cells treated with IL-21 by western blot, the mRNA expression of Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, Bid, Bax, c-myc by Survivin gene with RT-PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>IL-21 markedly inhibited SUDHL-4 cell growth in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The 48 hIC(50) was 140.9ng/ml; The FCM showed that the apoptosis proportion of SUDHL-4 cells treated with 100 ng/ml of IL-21 apoptosis (AnnexinV-FITC(+) positive cells) gradually increased (48 h: 19.7 ± 2.3%). The protein expression of caspase-9, caspase-3, Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL decreased in a time-dependent manner. The Bax and c-myc protein markedly increased, but the Bid protein level did not change. IL-21 up regulated c-myc and Bax gene expression, however down regulated Bcl-2 and BCL-XL gene expression, but the gene expression of Bid and Survivin hadn't been changed significantly.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>IL-21 can inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of SUDHL-4 cell. The mechanism may involve in endogenous mitochondrial pathway mediated by the c-myc and the Bcl-2 genes.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Apoptosis , Caspase 3 , Metabolism , Caspase 9 , Metabolism , Cell Line, Tumor , Interleukins , Pharmacology , Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse , Metabolism , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 , Metabolism , bcl-X Protein , MetabolismABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of hypoxia on sumoylation of HIF-1α, as well as transcriptional activity and protein stability of HIF-1α in Jurkat cells, and explore its effect and significance on modulating the transcriptional activity of down stream target gene.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>CoCl(2) was used as a chemical inducer to simulate the hypoxia environment. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and western blot were used to evaluate transcriptional activity and protein stability of HIF-1α, levels of SUMO-1 and SENP1 protein, and gene transcripts of VEGF, mdr1, mdr3, Mcl-1 and survivin respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After 4 h, 8 h, 16 h, 24 h and 72 h after hypoxia induction, the gene transcripts of HIF-1α were 0.79 ± 0.19, 2.65 ± 2.05, 4.19 ± 4.72, 2.77 ± 3.37, 0.09 ± 0.05 and 0.69 ± 0.55-fold (P > 0.01) of that of 0h in Jurkat cells, respectively, while the protein stability increased first, then decreased (P < 0.01). SENP-1 protein up-regulated first, then down-regulated, and the SUMO-1 protein changed in an opposite trend. Excepting for survivin gene, transcriptional activities of VEGF, mdr1, mdr3, and Mcl-1 were affected by the stability of HIF-1α protein.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Hypoxia induces changes in SENP-1 expression, which increases the stability of HIF-1α by decreasing the sumoylation of HIF-1α and affects biological process by regulating the transcriptional activities of VEGF, mdr1, mdr3 and Mcl-1 gene.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Cell Hypoxia , Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit , Genetics , Jurkat Cells , RNA, Messenger , Genetics , Sumoylation , Transcriptional Activation , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A , MetabolismABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of lentivirus-mediated RNA interference targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR1) gene on the proliferation, migration and apoptosis of leukemic cell line U937.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Short hairpin RNAs (shRNA) targeting VEGFR-1 was synthesized and cloned into pRNAT-U6.2 lentiviral vector. The expression vectors were transfected into 293T cell line to produce packaged lentivirus. After infected with the packaged lentivirus, the expression of VEGFR-1 gene of U937 cells at mRNA and protein level was detected by real-time PCR and Western blot. VEGF production by the cells was determined by ELISA. Cell proliferation and survival under regular culture and in the presence of cytarabine (Ara-C) was determined by CCK-8 assay. Migration assays were performed by 5 µm pore transwell inserts.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The lentiviral shRNA vector targeting VEGFR-1 was successfully constructed and transfected into U937 cells. The shRNA vector effectively inhibited the expression of VEGFR-1 gene in U937 cell line at mRNA and protein levels. As compared to that of the control, the proliferation rate of U937-shVEGFR-1 cells reduced; The VEGF production and migrated cell number of U937-shVEGFR-1 cells decreased dramatically. After treated with Ara-C, the inhibition rate and apoptotic rate of U937-shVEGFR-1 cells increased significantly. The number of migrated cells in the KD group under regular culture and in the presence of VEGF was markedly lower than that in the NC group and CON group. Bevacizumab could decrease the number of migrated cells in the NC group and CON group, but could not in the KD group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Lentivirus-mediated RNA interference targeting VEGFR1 gene reduces the proliferation, migration of U937 cell line and enhances its sensitivity to Ara-C.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Apoptosis , Genetics , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Proliferation , Gene Silencing , RNA Interference , RNA, Small Interfering , Genetics , U937 Cells , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A , MetabolismABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate whether there is an association between DRD2/ANKK1 Taq IA polymorphism and early infant temperament.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>DRD2/ANKK1 Taq IA polymorphism (rs1800497) was determined using polymerase chain reaction-ligase detection reaction (PCR-LDR) techniques in 149 Chinese Han infants from Changsha City. Their mothers were asked to complete the Early Infant Temperament Questionnaires (EITQ) when the infants were 1 to 4 months old (mean: 2.75 months). There were three genotypes found in these infants: C/C, T/T and C/T. The subjects were subdivided into T-carrier (CT, TT) and non-T-carrier (CC) groups for statistical analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were no differences in the temperament style distribution between the T-carrier and non-T carrier groups. There were also no statistically significant differences between the two groups in the score of the nine temperament dimensions.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>DRD2/ANKK1 Taq IA polymorphism is not associated with early infant temperament.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Genotype , Polymorphism, Genetic , Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases , Genetics , Receptors, Dopamine D2 , Genetics , TemperamentABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate biosynthetic and apoptotic mechanisms in repair of full thickness skin defect with collagen-chitosan porous scaffold transplantation, and to determinate differences between wound repair with the scaffold transplantation and scar healing without the scaffold transplantation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The full thickness skin defects were made on 10 Bama miniature pigs and the bilayer dermal equivalent (BDE) composed of collagen-chitosan porous scaffold and silicone membrane was transplanted on wounds. Surfaces of wounds were observed at 1, 2, and 3 weeks after the BDE transplantation, and so were done the wound repairs after epidermis had been grafted for 2 weeks on surface of the scaffold which had been transplanted on skin defect wounds for 2 weeks. At the same time, TGF-beta1 expressions, apoptosis and self collagen replacement of scaffolds in wounds were detected in situ by immunohistochemical staining, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) and picrosirius red polarized light. Wounds without scaffold transplantation were studied as control.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>1) Wounds with the scaffold transplantation were different from granulation tissue. 2) The peak of TGF-beta1 expression in the scaffold wounds was from 1 to 2 weeks after BDE transplantation, and TGF-beta1 expressions decreased continuously from 3 to 4 weeks. TGF-beta1 expressions increased continuously in the control wounds from 1 to 3 weeks and decreased on 4 weeks. TGF-beta1 expressions in the scaffold wounds on 1st and 2nd week were significantly higher than those in the corresponding control wounds, whereas, TGF-beta1 expressions in the scaffold wounds on 3rd and 4th week were significantly lower than those in the corresponding control wounds. 3) Apoptosis increased continuously in the scaffold wounds from 2 to 4 weeks after BDE transplantation, and so did in the control wounds from 3 to 4 weeks. However, apoptosis signals in the scaffold wounds on 2nd, 3rd, and 4th week after BDE transplantation were significantly more than those in the corresponding control wounds, and there was no difference between apoptosis signals in the scaffold wounds on 1st week after BDE transplantation and those in the corresponding control wounds. 4) Observation by picrosirius red polarized light method: self collagen began to synthesize in the scaffold wounds on 1st week after BDE transplantation, and scaffolds had been replaced by self collagen from 2 to 3 weeks after BDE transplantation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Collagen-chitosan porous scaffold plays a very important role in wound healing of full thickness skin defect. The mechanisms of wound repair by dermal scaffold are different from those by granulation and scar healing. It has a good future in repairing skin defect.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Apoptosis , Chitosan , Metabolism , Collagen , Metabolism , Dermis , Extracellular Matrix , Skin Irritancy Tests , Skin, Artificial , Stents , Swine , Swine, Miniature , Tissue Engineering , Transforming Growth Factor beta1 , Metabolism , Wound HealingABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate angiogenesis of collagen-chitosan porous scaffold, and to study survive of skin grafts on the scaffold after bilayer dermal equivalent (BDE) was transplanted on wounds with full thickness skin defects.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The full thickness skin defects were made on 10 Bama miniature pigs and the BDE composed of collagen-chitosan porous scaffold and silicone membrane was transplanted on wound. Angiogenesis in dermal equivalent, wound healing, and healing and survive of skin grafts on dermal equivalent were observed in 1, 2, and 3 weeks after the BDE transplantation. At the same time, CD34 positive signals (neo-forming micro-vessels) were detected by immunohistochemical staining.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Inflammatory cells and fibroblasts infiltrated into dermal equivalent and a few new micro-vessels had been formed in 1 week after the BDE transplantation; neo-forming micro-vessels perpendicular to wound bed had increased significantly in 2 weeks after the BDE transplantation; neo-forming micro-vessels could be observed in almost all dermal equivalents in 3 weeks after the BDE transplantation. CD34 positive signals (neo-forming micro-vessels) in 3 weeks after the BDE transplantation was much more than those in 2 weeks after the BDE transplantation, and CD34 positive signals in 2 weeks after the BDE transplantation was much more than those in 1 week after the BDE transplantation. Survival rate of intermediate split thickness skin graft were 10%, 70% and 100% respectively after the skin grafts had been grafted for 2 weeks on surface of the scaffold which had been transplanted for 1, 2 and 3 weeks. Epidermis which had been grafted on surface of the scaffold for 1 or 2 weeks could perfectly survive after BDE had been transplanted for 1 or 2 weeks.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Collagen-chitosan porous scaffold plays a very important role in wound healing of full thickness skin defect and can induce fibroblast infiltration and new micro-vessel formation. Epidermis grafted on surface of collagen-chitosan porous scaffold can perfectly repair wounds, and it has brilliant applied prospects in repairing skin defect.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Chitosan , Collagen , Disease Models, Animal , Graft Survival , Neovascularization, Physiologic , Silicones , Skin , Wounds and Injuries , Skin Transplantation , Swine , Swine, Miniature , Tissue Scaffolds , Wound HealingABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the association between non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metabolic syndrome (MS).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A cross-sectional multiple-stage stratified survey was performed. A total of 2190 civil servants of Chongqing city were invited to participate in the survey covering physical examination, serum biochemistry-profile and ultrasonographic examination of liver.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of 2176 valid questionnaires, altogether 455 cases were diagnosed as NAFLD and 231 individuals were diagnosed as MS. The prevalence of obesity, hyperglycemia, blood lipid disturbance, primary hypertension, NAFLD and MS was 38.3%, 5.5%, 31.7%, 29.9%, 20.9% and 10.6% respectively, which was increased along with aging (chi2 = 31.775, P = 0.000; chi2 = 25.985, P = 0.000; chi2 = 44.818, P = 0.000; chi2 =149.802, P = 0.000; chi2 = 61.302, P = 0.000; chi2 = 43.508, P = 0.000 a partly). The prevalence of obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, primary hypertension, metabolic syndrome was significantly higher than those in control group (chi2 = 384.554, P = 0.000; chi2 = 25.597, P = 0.000; chi2 = 370.849, P = 0.000; chi2 = 40.252, P = 0.000; chi2 = 215.077, P = 0.000 separately), and the level of body mass index (BMI), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), triglyceride (TG), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in NAFLD group was remarkably higher than those in control group (t = 26.308, P = 0.000; t = 6.055, P = 0.000; t = 15.980, P = 0.000; t = 10.550, P = 0.000; t = 13.628, P = 0.000 respectively), while the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was on the opposite (t = 20.067, P = 0.000). Compared with the control group, odds risk for NAFLD was 22.82 folds (95% CI: 12.64-41.19) in obesity, 20.97 folds (95% CI: 11.21-39.24) in hyperglycemia, 24.40 folds (95% CI: 13.51-44.07) in dyslipidemia, 15.73 folds (95% CI: 8.66-28.60) in primary hypertension, while the risk for NAFLD was the highest in MS (OR = 31.06, 95% CI: 17.12-56.35). There were simple or multiple metabolic disorders in 455 individuals diagnosed as NAFLD, and 21 case (4.6%) with obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and primary hypertension.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>NAFLD is closely related with MS, which may be considered as a feature of MS.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , China , Epidemiology , Fatty Liver , Epidemiology , Metabolic Syndrome , Epidemiology , PrevalenceABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Vitamin D3 and its metabolites have been found to exert immunosuppressive effects both in vivo and in vitro. We investigated the synergistic effect of calcitriol and cyclosporine A (CsA) on lymphocyte proliferation in vitro and graft rejection following rat liver allotransplantations in vivo.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Alloantigen driven, human peripheral mononuclear cells' proliferation and cytokine production capacity were tested in the presence or absence of various concentrations of calcitriol or CsA. In vivo, liver allografts were transplanted in a high responder strain combination (SD to Wistar) rats and combination of subtherapeutical dose of CsA and calcitriol was administered in recipients, whereas the control recipients received single or no immunosuppressant. Proliferation of splenocyte from recipient was tested with mixed lymphocyte reaction. Serum interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) concentrations were measured with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Combined medication of 10(-9) mol/L calcitriol and 100 ng/ml CsA inhibited human peripheral mononuclear cells' proliferation to alloantigen and the production of IL-2 and IFN-gamma but promoted that of IL-4 and IL-10. Similarly, combination of 250 ng x g(-1) x d(-1) calcitriol and 1.0 mg x g(-1) x d(-1) CsA showed an additive effect in liver transplant model. It restrained splenocyte proliferation to alloantigen from donor and significantly reduced serum concentration of IL-2 and IFN-gamma in recipients. Consequently, allograft rejection in combined medication group was minor (median William's grade was 1.0 vs 3.0 in combined medication group and in the control group, P < 0.05) and the recipients' survival was evidently prolonged [(93.7 +/- 5.8) days vs (12.6 +/- 1.4) days in combined medication group and in the control group, P < 0.01].</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>A combination of calcitriol and CsA has an additive effect on limiting lymphocyte proliferation and prolonging liver graft survival. With its additional immunomodulating property, calcitriol is a potent immunosuppressant that can extend the therapeutic window of classical immunomodulators in prevention and treatment of liver graft rejection.</p>